Albania, 1969

149. In the first place, Madam President, let me congratulate you

warmly on behalf of the delegation of the People’s

Republic of Albania on your election as President of the

twenty-fourth session of the General Assembly.

150. During this year, the course of events in the world

arena has been characterized by the continued upsurge of

revolutionary and national liberation movements, by the

heightened struggle of the peaceful and freedom-loving

countries to safeguard their independence and their higher

vital interests. Those interests are being increasingly menaced

by the policy of intervention and imperialist domination

followed by the United States of America and the

revisionists of the Soviet Union, which are intensifying their

aggressive activities in accordance with their joint plans to

subject the world to their hegemony. As a result of the

policy of positions of strength pursued by these two great

Powers, a serious international situation has arisen which is

fraught with grave dangers for general peace and security.

151. Today the oppressed peoples and nations are more

than ever aware of their legitimate rights. Their revolt is

taking an increasingly vigorous form. The storm of the

revolutionary struggle for national liberation and social

progress is raging in the four corners of the earth. It is

developing continuously to become an impetuous torrent

which has shaken imperialism, colonialism and international

reaction to their very foundations and which is getting the

main hand, the great and glorious path of history, along

which human society is rapidly advancing. The flames of

the armed struggle for freedom burn ever higher, becoming

stronger and spreading further, engulfing vast regions of the

globe and extending from the Pacific and Indo-China to the

Middle East, to Africa and other areas. The world is

evolving in a direction favourable to the peoples and against

imperialism, its allies and its tools.

152. The successive waves of the peoples’ struggle have

dealt harsh blows to the ringleader of imperialism, the

United States of America, and are speeding its decline.

Following the most shattering defeat it has ever suffered in

its armed aggression against Viet-Nam, and as a result of the

reverses it has experienced throughout the world owing to

its policy of aggression and of oppression of peoples, the

United States of America is becoming more and more

deeply enmeshed in serious economic, financial and political

crises. Its internal and external contradictions become

daily more flagrant. Its policy of global strategy and of

world rule has received irreparable damage. United States

imperialism has blundered into a blind alley from which

there can be no escape.

153. The revisionist leaders of the Soviet Union are

equally prey to numerous contradictions and insuperable

difficulties, both domestically and internationally, on account

of their betrayal of Marxist-Leninism and of their

restoration of capitalism in the Soviet Union. Soviet

revisionism has now unmasked itself on the world stage as a

social imperialist Power linked to the United States of

America in a counter-revolutionary “Holy Alliance“ seeking

to rule the world.

154. The peace-loving peoples and countries are becoming

aware that United States-Soviet collusion is the most

serious threat and danger to their common cause, their

sovereign rights and international peace and security, and

that the struggle against such a conspiracy has become an

imperative objective necessity. Indeed, the imperialists of

the United States of America and the Soviet Union are

hated; they are being increasingly fought and isolated by

the peoples. This is their great weakness and will be of

decisive importance in hastening their total collapse.

155. Faced with such a situation, the two great Powers are

multiplying their aggressive efforts and actions; they are

speeding up the arms race and their preparations for war,

intensifying their collaboration and hatching new plots and

conspiracies. Recently, the contacts between them, their

negotiations and dealings both secret and open, which

extend to various fields and affect the vital interests of the

world community, have become still more frequent. In

essence, all these plans and machinations are designed to

counter the struggle for freedom of the oppressed peoples

and nations, to enslave both them and other independent

nations, to exploit the peoples and pillage their wealth, to

establish the world hegemony of the two Powers by

dividing the globe into spheres of influence. This is

confirmed, inter alia, by the agreements and plans of these

two Powers in the field of nuclear weapons, including the

bargaining at present in progress between their Foreign

Ministers with regard to strategic arms; by the many deals,

deceptions and pressures of all kinds in connexion with the

question of Viet-Nam and that of the Middle East; by the

aggression against Czechoslovakia and its military occupation;

by their haggling over the German question and over

that of West Berlin; by their joint plans to bring Europe and

Asia under their sway and, in particular, by the encirclement

of the People’s Republic of China and the war being

waged against it and in many other ways.

156. One of the consequences of the great Soviet-American

counter-revolutionary conspiracy is the armed

aggression of the Yankee imperialists against the people of

Viet-Nam, which has been in progress now for several years.

Despite the barbarous means to which the United States

imperialists have had recourse, despite the continuous

escalation of the war in the south and the most ferocious

bombing raids in the north, the people of Viet-Nam has, by

its heroic struggle, dealt a series of shattering, blows to the

aggressors and has driven them to the wall. It was precisely

on the eve of total United States defeat in Viet-Nam that

the Soviet revisionists made their greatest efforts, as

compensation for the benevolent attitude adopted by the

United States with regard to their aggression in Czechoslovakia,

to extricate their imperialist United States partners

from a difficult situation, to save their face and their

imperialist positions and to win for them at the conference

table what they had been unable to obtain on the

battlefield, namely, the capitulation of the people of

Viet-Nam to the Yankee aggressors.

157. But the people of Viet-Nam has never fallen to its

knees. It is well aware of the fact that only by armed

struggle can it win complete victory over the aggressors. It

knows that “peaceful” negotiations, American-style, are

intended to undermine its legitimate struggle for freedom

and to perpetuate the United States occupation of South

Viet-Nam in accordance with aggressive imperialist-revisionist

plans against the other countries of the region

and, primarily, against the People’s Republic of China.

158. The Albanian people and its Government have been

and always will be at the side of their brothers of Viet-Nam.

We are profoundly convinced that, by resolutely pursuing

its armed struggle to the bitter end, the people of Viet-Nam

will bring about the ignominious failure of these diabolical

plots and will achieve its sacred aspirations.

159. Progressive humanity has unanimously condemned

the perfidious armed aggression of the Soviet revisionists

against Czechoslovakia. Law in Czechoslovakia today is

made by tanks and bayonets. By fire and by sword the

masters are trying to stifle the will of the Czechoslovak

people to reconquer its national dignity, its freedom and its

independence, which were trampled underfoot on 21 August 1968.

160. The events which have occurred during one year of

occupation, and particularly the recent events on the

anniversary of 21 August, have once again demonstrated to

the whole world that neither a reign of terror, nor tanks,

nor a state of siege, nor emergency powers can succeed in

curbing the legitimate resistance and struggle of the

Czechoslovak people. It will never bow to the foreign

invaders and its struggle for freedom will be strengthened

and developed in every possible way and by all possible

means until victory is won.

161. The Albanian people and its Government resolutely

and energetically condemned, from the very first day, the

Fascist-like aggression against Czechoslovakia and formally

denounced the Warsaw Treaty, which has become an

instrument of aggression in the hands of the new imperialist

Soviet Power against the other signatories of the Treaty. We

have always followed with deep sympathy the resistance of

the Czechoslovak people to the odious occupation régime.

The people of Albania are and will remain on the side of

their Czechoslovak brothers in their legitimate struggle

against foreign occupation.

162. The aggression against Czechoslovakia and its military

occupation, as well as the evolution of relationships

between the Soviet Union and its “allies” in this region,

have revealed that the policy and action of the Soviet

leaders towards these countries are now based on blackmail

and threats of force, the principal weapon being the Warsaw

Treaty. Frequent movements of armed units of Warsaw

Treaty forces or successive manoeuvres by the forces of

that aggressive organization have recently taken place in

those countries. It is clear that all this has been done to

demonstrate the military power of the Soviet revisionists

and to obtain, by the threat of force, obedience or

concessions in favour of their policy of hegemony as well as

to prepare for new adventures against other countries.

163. In their endeavours to find a theoretical foundation

for this policy of hegemony and aggression, the Soviet

revisionist leaders invoke the interest of the “socialist

community”, i.e. their imperialist policy and the slogan of

“limited sovereignty” borrowed from their mentor,

Mr. John Foster Dulles.

164. The course of events and the well-known facts clearly

demonstrate that the Soviet Government has now embarked

on a policy of imperialist expansion. Large Soviet

military forces are deployed in the territories of its allies,

particularly along the Romanian frontiers, both on Soviet

territory and on that of Hungary and Bulgaria. In the

Mediterranean, the Soviet fleet is competing with the

United States Sixth Fleet and is playing the same part:

threatening the security and liberty of the independent

countries of that region. It must be stressed that the naval

bases of these two fleets constitute a grave danger both to

the countries in which they are installed and to the other

peace-loving countries of the Mediterranean. We energetically

denounce the serious threat constituted by these

bases to peace and security in the Mediterranean and in

Europe as a whole.

165. It is clear that the Soviet leaders have already

unsheathed the sword and are preparing for military

adventures. They are plunging ever more deeply into a

policy of aggression and of war. The aggressive actions of

the Soviet leaders follow one another in an unbroken

sequence. This is confirmed, inter alia, by their armed

aggression against Czechoslovakia, their acts of armed

aggression against Czechoslovakia, their acts of armed

provocation and aggression against the People’s Republic of

China and their blackmail and threats of force against

Romania, Yugoslavia, Albania and other countries. One

thing is certain, however: the lot of the aggressor will be

total destruction, such as has always been the fate of

aggressors and military adventurers, as history confirms.

166. As for anyone who has aggressive designs against the

People’s Republic of Albania, we say to those who would

dare to lift their hands against us that the new socialist

Albania is invulnerable and will never be taken by surprise.

The Albanian people, master of its destinies and with a long

tradition of combating any invader, will know how to

answer. It is not alone, and the assistance it will be given

will know no frontiers. Anyone who dares to attack our

socialist fatherland will, as always, fail lamentably.

167. Two years have already elapsed since the imperialist

Israeli aggression against the Arab countries, and the

resulting tragic and: unbearable situation in that region

remains unaltered. The chief responsibility for that monstrous

crime against the Arab peoples rests with the United

States of America and with the revisionist leaders of the

Soviet Union. With odious cynicism, these two imperialist

Powers are vying with each other in extracting every

possible advantage from this situation so as to assure for

themselves dominating positions in the oil-rich and strategically

important Middle East, and to gain the maximum

profit at the expense of the Arab peoples. Meanwhile, the

Israeli aggressors, emboldened by this situation, continue to

apply their aggressive and expansionist policy in the

occupied territories and against the neighbouring Arab

lands. Their aggressive actions persist; they are constantly

launching attacks and acts of armed provocation against the

United Arab Republic, Jordan, Syria and the Lebanon. The

Arab peoples in the territories occupied by the Zionist

aggressors still live under a reign of terror.

168. The Arab peoples are becoming increasingly aware of

the fact that the two great Powers are opposed to a just

solution of the Middle East problem. While the United

States of America openly supports Israel, continually

provides it with arms and uses it as a tool for the realization

of its plans against the Arab peoples, the Soviet revisionist

leaders are taking advantage of the situation thus created to

carry out their own designs for hegemony, calculating that

the Arab peoples threatened by Israel will have need of

them and will thus be obliged to defer and submit to them.

The objective of both great Powers is to stifle the legitimate

struggle of the Palestinian people and of the other Arab

peoples, to eliminate the Palestinian problem and to

maintain the tense and tragic situation which has been

created to the detriment of the Arab peoples, in order to

secure a position of dominance for themselves and to

plunder the wealth of the countries of that region. The

same objectives are served by United Nations resolutions,

such as that of 22 November 1967 [resolution

242 (1967)], a product of the plot between the United

States and Soviet Governments, or the other plans which

they have been evolving in the course of bipartite,

quadripartite and other negotiations in the United Nations

or in the corridors of the Foreign Ministries.

169. The old and new imperialists and the Zionists

imagine that they can easily impose their criminal plans on

the Arab peoples. They forget with whom they are dealing.

The Arab peoples have never agreed, and will never agree,

to submit to pressure, intrigue or naked force on the part of

oren or concealed aggressors. They are brave and freedom-loving

peoples, with glorious cultural, warrior and humanitarian

traditions, dating back many centuries, and they have

illuminated the history of mankind in every field. They

have given to the world since ancient times some most.

eminent writers, historians, philosophers and scientists.

Their universities have been celebrated; they revealed to

Europe the treasures of ancient Greek philosophy.

170. These people who have struggled heroically against

foreign invaders throughout the centuries, will not allow.

themselves to be subdued either by intrigue or by tanks and

aircraft, whether made in the United States or elsewhere.

They are invincible; their power is great and it will

inevitably triumph. Let their foes tremble! The heroic and

glorious struggle of the Palestinian partisans is the best

evidence of this. I wish, from this rostrum, to salute on

behalf of the Albanian people our Palestinian brothers who,

sword in hand, have raised high over the battlefield the

banner of liberty and independence.

171. Imperialism and international Zionism have striven

for decades to introduce Jews from all over the world into

Palestine and to establish there a bridgehead of domination

and aggression. Jews from various Western countries as well

as from the Ukraine, Poland, Romania and elsewhere have

infiltrated into that land. My Palestine brothers, they have

come into your territory, financed by international

Zionism, and, usurping your land, have forced you to live in

tents in the desert. But, as one, you have arisen in a valiant

fight for the recognition of your sacred rights. The

imperialists and the modern revisionists, however, are

applying the rule of silence with regard to your struggles.

172. As a representative of the Albanian people and as

your loyal brother, however, I will raise my voice here, in

the United Nations; I shall speak of your rights and of your

heroic struggle and I shall do so always and incessantly

“though all the world should fall” (hatta ua laou dounya

kharabat). They accuse you of terrorism, of outrages; but

you are a people of great ideals, of noble and pure spirit;

you are warriors who, under the threat of oppression, have

for years been struggling night and day for your freedom,

dignity and honour, for the honour of your women and for

a happy future.

173. Your policy is one of fraternity towards all your

Arab brothers and towards all the progressive peoples of the

world. You have also shown a truly humane attitude

towards the Israelis. But you are not a people with the

spirit of slaves. It is those who oppress you who are slaves

in spirit and — whether today or tomorrow — they will be

defeated by your heroic struggle, an integral part of the

struggle of the Arab peoples.

174. There are those who claim that Israel is strong. This

is not true. A State which is rapacious, represses other

peoples and drowns them in blood cannot possibly be

strong. The truth is that the alleged strength of Israel stems

above all from the temporary difficulties of the Arab

peoples. No one should deceive himself, however. As for us,

the people of Albania, we are firmly convinced; that the

Arab peoples will rise up in ever-growing strength and will

surely overcome the enemies of their freedom and sovereignty

to use one of your own expressions, we believe in

this as in the air we breathe.

175. Some might, perhaps, nourish the hope of a political

settlement to this question of life or death for the Arab

peoples — a political settlement through deals between the

United States imperialists and the Soviet revisionists, with

the direct or indirect assistance of Israel and international

Zionism. No settlement will come from that source, but

only from the freedom struggle of the Arab peoples

themselves. The pseudo-mediators and pseudo-defenders are

well aware of this truth and fear such a settling of scores.

Not only, therefore, is it wrong to foster illusions or cherish.

hopes of a so-called peaceful solution, but those Powers

must not even be permitted to continue their dealings

amongst themselves, since the facts show that as long as

such bargaining goes on, the horizon will remain dark. This

is quite understandable, since the aim of United States

imperialism is, above all, to strengthen its position of

domination in the Middle East, Africa and the Mediterranean,

while the Soviet revisionists — the new imperialists —

are also seeking to reinforce their positions in the same

areas by turning the temporary difficulties of the Arab

peoples to their own advantage.

176. In conclusion, the question of the Middle East can, in

the hands of the two imperialist Powers, serve only as a

kind of currency for use in bargaining amongst themselves

to smooth over their disagreements in various parts of the

world. This should be evident to all. Some recognize it,

others do not. Some think that, under these equivocal

conditions, they can disengage themselves from a situation

which, for various reasons, they find uneasy. That is quite

another question. Nevertheless, we Albanians think and act

frankly, openly expressing our points of view. We are sure

that our friends will never hold it against us if we speak the

truth in all sincerity, because we love them with all our

hearts, and will the more so in times of difficulty; if our

enemies are offended, this in no way disturbs us.

177. The popular partisan struggle is an integral part of

that great fight for the liberation of the peoples which the

occupiers and the enemies of free countries dread so

greatly. The imperialists and revisionists are endeavouring,

through pressure and demagogy, to impede and stifle your

heroic partisan struggle, my Palestinian brothers. You are

fighting a just fight; the ultimate victory will inevitably be

yours.

178. In the perfidious plans of the United States and

Soviet Governments, an important place has been allotted

this year to their co-ordinated designs on Europe and Asia.

The repeated proposal of the Soviet revisionist leaders

concerning “European security” and their proposal for a

“collective security system in Asia” are unquestionably

interconnected. They are the product of joint Soviet-American

machinations for the suppression of revolutionary

movements in the countries of Europe and Asia and are

aimed at bringing those countries into submission and

involving them — particularly those of Asia — in the aggressive

adventures of the two Powers on that continent, especially

against the People’s Republic of China. The two great

Powers are seeking to use the peoples as cannon-fodder in

implementing their aggressive plans for world domination.

This is also the purpose of the efforts made by the

President of the United States, in the course of his tour of

Asia, to create a defence system in that continent. Having

learned the lesson of their failure in Viet-Nam and in view

of the crisis and the whole series of grave problems which

have resulted from it, the United States leaders are

attempting to achieve the same objectives — those of their

aggressive policy — by making still greater use of the peoples

of Asia. In other words, this is a great imperialist-revisionist

conspiracy aimed at assuring by means of such military

pacts — in parallel with the aggressive NATO and Warsaw

pacts—the preservation of the status quo in Europe, the

subordination of that continent to the suzerainty of the

two “super-Powers” by dividing it up into spheres of

influence and by transforming it into a secure rear base

from which to undertake a crusade against the revolutionary

peoples and peace-loving countries of Asia, particularly

in order to implement the Soviet-American plan to encircle

great socialist China, the main obstacle — the insuperable

obstacle—to the realization of their monstrous objectives,

and to launch an aggressive attack against it.

179. The Government of the People’s Republic of Albania

can well understand the preoccupation of some peaceful

countries of Europe concerning the cause of peace and

security in that continent. The facts reveal, however, that

the policies and actions of the two great Powers are

following a course diametrically opposed to the noble

objectives to which all European peoples aspire. We are

happy to know that many countries of Europe have

expressed reservations concerning those perfidious plans,

and that many Asian countries have categorically refused to

become involved in the aggressive policies of the imperialist

Powers and to allow themselves to be caught in the trap of

their military adventures.

180. How is it possible to conceive of the security of

Europe and Asia under the direction of the two Powers,

when it is precisely because of their aggressive policies and

activities, and of their collaboration, that the freedom-loving

and peaceful peoples of the two continents are living

in a state of insecurity and when, as a result of that

collaboration, bargaining is carried on, plots are hatched

and armed aggression is waged against their freedom,

sovereignty and national independence?

181. How can there be any talk of such security when the

armed forces of those two Powers are actually stationed in

many foreign countries, trampling underfoot their sovereignty

and independence and constituting a serious danger

to their own safety as well as to international peace and

security; when their war fleets, cruising in the Atlantic, the

Mediterranean and the Pacific, threaten the independence

and security of the peoples in those areas? How can there

be any talk of security in Europe under the guarantee of

those two Powers when, among other things, it is precisely

because of them that a quarter of a century later, the

problems arising from the Second World War have not yet

been settled in that continent; when not only has the

German problem not been solved, but when the Soviet

leaders are making use of it and of the West Berlin problem

as a bargaining counter with the American imperialists and

the West German “revisionists”, to the detriment of the

German Democratic Republic, and of the German people,

the other countries of Europe and the very security of all

the peoples of Europe? No, the peoples of Europe and Asia

will not allow themselves to be deceived; they will not

allow themselves to be cheated by the two imperialist

Powers; they will never allow themselves to fall into the

traps laid for them; they will never agree to leave their

security and their destiny in the hands of the American and

Soviet leaders.

182. It should be noted that the American imperialists and

the Soviet revisionists, in addition to their collaboration at

the expense of the peoples, also have their disagreements;

they quarrel through greed and their desire for hegemony;

this is perfectly understandable and natural when the

imperialist nature of the Soviet-American alliance is borne

in mind. In particular, the United States Government,

taking advantage of the weaknesses of the Soviet leaders

and of their readiness to make concessions, persistently

puts forward ever-growing pretensions. American imperialism

not only claims the lion’s share but is also trying to

oust its partner and replace it in the very countries which

the latter claims to regard as its reserved areas. This also

accounts for a certain sensational initiative taken in this

respect at the appropriate moment by the United States

Government.

183. It is obvious that in spite of their contradictions,

these two Powers understand one another within the

framework of their global strategy, and can reach agreement

where it is a question of stifling the struggle of

peoples fighting for their freedom, independence and

self-determination.

184. It is typical that the leaders of the Soviet Union are

now showing more and more zeal in their collaboration and

joint counter-revolutionary actions with the American

imperialists. They are sparing no effort to find new ways of

continuously consolidating the new “Holy Alliance” and

refrain from any action likely to weaken it. Indeed, after

every pseudo “anti-imperialist” gesture made for demagogic

purposes, they hasten to reassure their partners in Washington

of their loyalty and to give them practical proof of the

real meaning of the noisy. declarations they make for form’s

sake.

185. Terrified at the immense successes and the uninterrupted

consolidation of great socialist China, particularly

after the historic victory of the great proletarian cultural

revolution which set the seal on the complete failure of the

plots of imperialist-revisionist agents trying to take the

Chinese citadel from within, the Soviet leaders have gone

over to overt and sanguinary attacks against the Chinese

people.

186. During this period, they have distinguished themselves

in particular by their aggressive actions against the

People’s Republic of China, accompanied by an unbridled

campaign of anti-Chinese calumnies. The attention of world

public opinion has been particularly drawn to the successive

incidents they have provoked on the Chinese-Soviet frontier,

particularly through acts of armed provocation on the

Ussuti river and in the Chinese territory of Sinkiang. The

Soviet Union has also concentrated enormous forces in the

Far East, near the Chinese frontier, and has become deeply

engaged in a policy of aggression and preparation for war

against China. The Soviet leaders thus stand revealed as

rabid partners of United States imperialism in the

anti-Chinese alliance.

187. For their part the American imperialists, along with

their feverish attempts to implement the two Powers’ joint

plan to encircle and wage war against China, excel

themselves in instigating their Kremlin partners to commit

themselves ever more deeply to that military adventure, just

as the Western imperialists did on the eve of the Second

World War, striving to launch Hitler’s Nazis into war against

the Soviet Union. The Soviet leaders show similar tendencies

with regard to the United States of America, and both

partners fear great socialist China.

188. Peaceful countries and international public opinion

are following with close attention the evolution of this

dangerous situation, which is a grave threat to peace and

security in Asia and in the world.

189. Whatever the plans, the intrigues and the deals, the

acts of provocation and of aggression which may be

contrived and undertaken by the United States imperialists

and the Soviet socio-imperialists, they cannot succeed in

intimidating the peoples; they will never be able to mislead

them as to their true designs as rabid enemies of the peoples

and of international security. For its part, great socialist

China is little concerned by the hysterical outbursts and

aggressive actions of the American imperialists and Soviet

revisionists. There is no force in the world which can bring

the Chinese colossus to its knees. China, with its population

of 700 million, is stronger today than ever before, and if

the imperialists and the Soviet revisionists dare to undertake

any act of aggression against China, they will receive

the answer they deserve, and that will be the end of them.

190. The struggle of the peoples against imperialism,

colonialism and neo-colonialism has entered a new phase. It

is becoming ever more powerful and better organized.

Workers’ strikes and revolts by young people and progressive

students in support of rights are breaking out everywhere

in Europe, Asia and the Americas. The peoples still

groaning under the colonial yoke are intensifying their

resolute armed struggle to deliver themselves once and for

all from the chains of slavery. The people of Viet-Nam, the

people of Czechoslovakia, the people of Palestine and of

the other Arab countries, victims of Israeli imperialist

aggression, the people of Oman, the people of Laos and of a

number of Indo-Chinese countries, those of Angola,

Mozambique, Guinea (Bissau), South Africa, Namibia,

Southern Rhodesia, Puerto Rico and all the other peoples

suffering from imperialist, colonialist and racist oppression

are waging a great struggle; in every continent and in all

parts of the world, they are dealing furious blows against

the old and new imperialists, their colonialist allies and

agents. The ground is giving way beneath the feet of

imperialism.

191. It would be superfluous to stress here the responsibility

resting upon the United Nations in the face of the

situation at present prevailing in the world arena and of the

major problems of concern to the peoples of the whole

world. Indeed, as a consequence of the pernicious influence

exercised on it by the United States of America and its

chief collaborators, the present leaders of the Soviet Union,

not only is the United Nations incapable of actively

fulfilling its mission, but is at the same time being

transformed into an instrument of the two Powers’ policy

of aggression and pursuit of hegemony.

192. Far from helping to settle the major problems of our

time, which affect the legitimate rights and higher interests

of the peoples, the United Nations is acting in a manner

flagrantly opposed to the fundamental purposes and principles

of the Charter. It has profoundly disappointed the

peoples struggling for their freedom and independence, who

have now lost all confidence and have come to the

conclusion that no good can be expected from the United

Nations as long as it is manipulated by the United States

and is subserving American-Soviet plots and collaboration.

193. Many Member States are seriously concerned over

the deplorable situation which has grown up within this

Organization, and at the grave harm done to its prestige and

authority in the eyes of the peoples. There is no doubt that

the first task to be undertaken is the urgent restoration of

the legitimate tights of the People’s Republic of China in

the United Nations and its organs. The immediate elimination

of the unprecedented anomaly whereby the seat of

the great Chinese nation in this Organization is usurped by

the remnants of a venal clique, representing nothing, is a

categorical imperative. The restoration of China’s rights is

not only a vital reparation for the most flagrant and

shameful violation of the Charter and of the elementary

rules of international law, it is also in keeping with the

urgent need of this Organization to have in its ranks great

socialist China, which represents one quarter of mankind

and without whose membership, as must be obvious to all,

none of the great international problems can be solved. It is

well known that it is not China which needs the United

Nations, but rather the United Nations which needs China.

194. We do not deem it necessary to speak on this

occasion of the hostile and imperialistic designs with regard

to the Chinese people which have prompted the United

States of America to impose its will upon a number of

Member States in order to deny the legitimate rights of

China in this Organization. In addition to the fact that this

is well known, we shall have the opportunity to speak on it

at length as well as on other aspects of the question, when

it comes up for discussion in the General Assembly. We

would, however, wish to stress at this point that a decision

to restore the rights of the People’s Republic of China in

the United Nations would mark an important advance in

the direction of ending the manipulation of the United

Nations by the United States and would encourage new

steps in the same direction.

195. China is a founding Member of the United Nations

and a permanent member of the Security Council. The

Government of the People’s Republic of China is unquestionably

the sole legitimate representative of the great

Chinese people; it and it alone is entitled to enjoy the

legitimate rights of China in this Organization.

196. We would express the hope that those peaceful

Member States which cherish the fundamental principles of

the Charter and are aware of the immense role of the great

land of China in the world will have the courage to take a

stand in favour of the request made by 14 countries,

including Albania, that the rights of the People’s Republic

of China in the United Nations and in all its organs be

restored, and that the Chiang-Kai-shek clique be immediately

expelled from this Organization [see A/7652].

197. The Albanian delegation deems it necessary to stress

once again that, in its view, Member States which are

seriously interested in respecting the principle of the

sovereign equality of States, non-intervention in domestic

affairs, observance of the territorial integrity of other States

and respect for the rights of peoples to self-determination

cannot fail to dissociate themselves from the two great

Powers in their treacherous and aggressive plans, which are

dictated by the aims of their imperialist policy of dividing

the world into spheres of influence and thus dominating it.

The urgent task of such States is, in our view, to oppose

those two Powers and their collusion at the expense of the

cause of peace-loving peoples and countries, and to combat

their dangerous plans to place various peoples and countries

under their tutelage, whatever form such plans may take.

American-Soviet collusion is today the greatest danger to

international peace and security. It is the primary duty of

peace-loving Members of the United Nations, therefore, to

concert their efforts here to oppose the diktat of the two

Powers and their conspiracy to control this Organization.

198. The work of this session of the General Assembly

coincides with the twenty-fifth anniversary of the liberation

of Albania, which the Albanian people will celebrate on 29

November next. Ideals which inspired and guided the

revolutionary struggle of the Albanian people for their

freedom against the Fascist invaders, as well as the

principles upon which the new socialist State was built and

developed after that victory, form the basis of the foreign

policy of the People’s Republic of Albania.

199. Just as during the course of its struggle for freedom,

the Albanian people, still firmly united around its workers'

party, headed by its beloved Comrade Enver Hoxha, and

relying unshakably upon its own resources, has, in the past

quarter of a century, achieved such success in building the

new socialist life, despite numerous difficulties, some

natural and some created by its enemies, that it has

radically changed the face of our country. Once a backward

agricultural country, Albania has now become a country

whose agriculture is being modernized and mechanized and

whose industry is advanced. Albania’s industrial production

is today some 52 times higher than in 1938, the last pre-war

year. In other words, our industry now produces in one

week what was produced in a year in the pre-war period.

200. In socialist Albania, the exploitation of man by man

has been eliminated once and for all. The material and

cultural standard of living is incomparably better than in

the past. The national income is 7 and a half times greater than

before. Nowadays, not only has illiteracy been completely

eliminated, but education and culture have become the

property of the masses of the people; one person in four

attends school and the number of students receiving higher

education is 25 times higher than in 1938.

201. The tremendous achievements in all fields, obtained

in a relatively short period, provide striking evidence of the

supremacy and vitality of our social system. They are a

guarantee of further victories and of a happy future.

202. Guided by the profound aspirations of the Albanian

people, our Government has followed an independent and

revolutionary foreign policy which is fully in keeping with

the defence of our independence, our sovereignty and the

inviolability of our fatherland and of our socialist victories,

as well as with the great cause of peoples and countries

struggling for their freedom, independence and self-determination,

in order to ensure genuine international co-operation.

203. The People’s Republic of Albania has pursued and

will continue to pursue its policy of friendship and fraternal

co-operation, on the basis of the principles of Marxist-Leninism,

with the peoples of the socialist countries; its

policy of friendship for and solidarity with the peoples of

countries struggling for their freedom, democracy and

progress and, in particular, with its brothers the Arab

peoples, the peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America and

with all anti-imperialist forces.

204. A close and fraternal friendship, inspired by common

ideals, links the Albanian people with the great people of

China. Albanian-Chinese friendship, forged by the two

heroic parties, is indestructible, since it is built on immortal

foundations. It provides a striking example of relations

between socialist countries, a lively demonstration of the

strength and vitality of genuine socialist relationships,

which know no obstacle and will triumph over every enemy.

205. The Albanian Government has constantly followed

its policy of good-neighbourliness and of normal relations

between States having different social systems, on the basis

of the principles of sovereign equality, non-interference,

respect for independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity

and co-operation based on mutual advantage.

206. The People’s Republic of Albania has become a

factor for peace and progress in the Balkans and the

Adriatic. It plays an active part in and is making a

constructive contribution to the cause of peace and security

in Europe and in the world. Thanks to this policy, the

People’s Republic of Albania enjoys today the sympathy,

respect and support of all progressive and peace-loving

countries. The Albanian people is fully aware of all this and

of the obligations incumbent upon it in this respect. As

always, it will fulfill its obligations with determination.

207. The People’s Republic of Albania will continue to

co-operate, as in the past, with the peaceful countries which

are Members of the United Nations; alongside with those

countries, it will not fail to make its modest contribution to

the struggle against the imperialist policy of aggression and

of oppression of peoples.

208. We should like to take this opportunity to say here

how much we appreciate the spirit of co-operation that a

great number of Member States have shown us with respect

to many important international problems, thus proving

that we have many common interests. We should also like

to express our gratitude to all friendly countries and

peoples for their sympathy and solidarity with, and sincere

support for, our people in the various situations which have

arisen over the last 25 years. Their friendship and solidarity

have been and will continue to be precious to our people;

they constitute and continue to constitute important

factors in our achievements and successes, in all the

victories of the People’s Republic of Albania, which thus

offers a historic and living example of the extent to which

peoples, whether great or small, are powerful, of the extent

of their possibilities when they are unshakably resolute in

their struggle for freedom, independence and progress.