ENVIRONMENT
Convention on Biological Diversity
- Reference
- XXVII-8
- Adopted
- Rio de Janeiro, 5 June 1992
- Entry into force
- 29 December 1993, in accordance with article 36(1).
- Registration
- 29 December 1993, No. 30619
- Signatories
- 168
- Parties
- 196
- Depositary record
- United Nations Treaty Collection
- 168 signed
- 196 ratified or acceded
- 197 participants listed
Who signed, and when
| Country | Signature | Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 12 Jun 1992 | 19 Sep 2002 |
| Albania | - | 5 Jan 1994 a |
| Algeria | 13 Jun 1992 | 14 Aug 1995 |
| Andorra | - | 4 Feb 2015 a |
| Angola | 12 Jun 1992 | 1 Apr 1998 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 5 Jun 1992 | 9 Mar 1993 |
| Argentina | 12 Jun 1992 | 22 Nov 1994 |
| Armenia | 13 Jun 1992 | 14 May 1993 A |
| Australia | 5 Jun 1992 | 18 Jun 1993 |
| Austria | 13 Jun 1992 | 18 Aug 1994 |
| Azerbaijan | 12 Jun 1992 | 3 Aug 2000 AA |
| Bahamas (The) | 12 Jun 1992 | 2 Sep 1993 |
| Bahrain | 9 Jun 1992 | 30 Aug 1996 |
| Bangladesh | 5 Jun 1992 | 3 May 1994 |
| Barbados | 12 Jun 1992 | 10 Dec 1993 |
| Belarus | 11 Jun 1992 | 8 Sep 1993 |
| Belgium | 5 Jun 1992 | 22 Nov 1996 |
| Belize | 13 Jun 1992 | 30 Dec 1993 |
| Benin | 13 Jun 1992 | 30 Jun 1994 |
| Bhutan | 11 Jun 1992 | 25 Aug 1995 |
| Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 13 Jun 1992 | 3 Oct 1994 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | - | 26 Aug 2002 a |
| Botswana | 8 Jun 1992 | 12 Oct 1995 |
| Brazil | 5 Jun 1992 | 28 Feb 1994 |
| Brunei Darussalam | - | 28 Apr 2008 a |
| Bulgaria | 12 Jun 1992 | 17 Apr 1996 |
| Burkina Faso | 12 Jun 1992 | 2 Sep 1993 |
| Burundi | 11 Jun 1992 | 15 Apr 1997 |
| Cabo Verde | 12 Jun 1992 | 29 Mar 1995 |
| Cambodia | - | 9 Feb 1995 a |
| Cameroon | 14 Jun 1992 | 19 Oct 1994 |
| Canada | 11 Jun 1992 | 4 Dec 1992 |
| Central African Republic | 13 Jun 1992 | 15 Mar 1995 |
| Chad | 12 Jun 1992 | 7 Jun 1994 |
| Chile | 13 Jun 1992 | 9 Sep 1994 |
| China | 11 Jun 1992 | 5 Jan 1993 |
| China 2 | 11 Jun 1992 | 5 Jan 1993 |
| Colombia | 12 Jun 1992 | 28 Nov 1994 |
| Comoros | 11 Jun 1992 | 29 Sep 1994 |
| Congo | 11 Jun 1992 | 1 Aug 1996 |
| Cook Islands | 12 Jun 1992 | 20 Apr 1993 |
| Costa Rica | 13 Jun 1992 | 26 Aug 1994 |
| Croatia | 11 Jun 1992 | 7 Oct 1996 |
| Cuba | 12 Jun 1992 | 8 Mar 1994 |
| Cyprus | 12 Jun 1992 | 10 Jul 1996 |
| Czech Republic | 4 Jun 1993 | 3 Dec 1993 AA |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 10 Jun 1992 | 29 Nov 1994 |
| Democratic People's Republic of Korea | 11 Jun 1992 | 26 Oct 1994 AA |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 11 Jun 1992 | 3 Dec 1994 |
| Denmark | 12 Jun 1992 | 21 Dec 1993 |
| Djibouti | 13 Jun 1992 | 1 Sep 1994 |
| Dominica | - | 6 Apr 1994 a |
| Dominican Republic | 13 Jun 1992 | 25 Nov 1996 |
| Ecuador | 9 Jun 1992 | 23 Feb 1993 |
| Egypt | 9 Jun 1992 | 2 Jun 1994 |
| El Salvador | 13 Jun 1992 | 8 Sep 1994 |
| Equatorial Guinea | - | 6 Dec 1994 a |
| Eritrea | - | 21 Mar 1996 a |
| Estonia | 12 Jun 1992 | 27 Jul 1994 |
| Eswatini | 12 Jun 1992 | 9 Nov 1994 |
| Ethiopia | 10 Jun 1992 | 5 Apr 1994 |
| European Union | 13 Jun 1992 | 21 Dec 1993 AA |
| Fiji | 9 Oct 1992 | 25 Feb 1993 |
| Finland | 5 Jun 1992 | 27 Jul 1994 A |
| France | 13 Jun 1992 | 1 Jul 1994 |
| Gabon | 12 Jun 1992 | 14 Mar 1997 |
| Gambia | 12 Jun 1992 | 10 Jun 1994 |
| Georgia | - | 2 Jun 1994 a |
| Germany | 12 Jun 1992 | 21 Dec 1993 |
| Ghana | 12 Jun 1992 | 29 Aug 1994 |
| Greece | 12 Jun 1992 | 4 Aug 1994 |
| Grenada | 3 Dec 1992 | 11 Aug 1994 |
| Guatemala | 13 Jun 1992 | 10 Jul 1995 |
| Guinea | 12 Jun 1992 | 7 May 1993 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 12 Jun 1992 | 27 Oct 1995 |
| Guyana | 13 Jun 1992 | 29 Aug 1994 |
| Haiti | 13 Jun 1992 | 25 Sep 1996 |
| Honduras | 13 Jun 1992 | 31 Jul 1995 |
| Hungary | 13 Jun 1992 | 24 Feb 1994 |
| Iceland | 10 Jun 1992 | 12 Sep 1994 |
| India | 5 Jun 1992 | 18 Feb 1994 |
| Indonesia | 5 Jun 1992 | 23 Aug 1994 |
| Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 14 Jun 1992 | 6 Aug 1996 |
| Iraq | - | 28 Jul 2009 a |
| Ireland | 13 Jun 1992 | 22 Mar 1996 |
| Israel | 11 Jun 1992 | 7 Aug 1995 |
| Italy | 5 Jun 1992 | 15 Apr 1994 |
| Jamaica | 11 Jun 1992 | 6 Jan 1995 |
| Japan | 13 Jun 1992 | 28 May 1993 A |
| Jordan | 11 Jun 1992 | 12 Nov 1993 |
| Kazakhstan | 9 Jun 1992 | 6 Sep 1994 |
| Kenya | 11 Jun 1992 | 26 Jul 1994 |
| Kiribati | - | 16 Aug 1994 a |
| Kuwait | 9 Jun 1992 | 2 Aug 2002 |
| Kyrgyzstan | - | 6 Aug 1996 a |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | - | 20 Sep 1996 a |
| Latvia | 11 Jun 1992 | 14 Dec 1995 |
| Lebanon | 12 Jun 1992 | 15 Dec 1994 |
| Lesotho | 11 Jun 1992 | 10 Jan 1995 |
| Liberia | 12 Jun 1992 | 8 Nov 2000 |
| Libya | 29 Jun 1992 | 12 Jul 2001 |
| Liechtenstein | 5 Jun 1992 | 19 Nov 1997 |
| Lithuania | 11 Jun 1992 | 1 Feb 1996 |
| Luxembourg | 9 Jun 1992 | 9 May 1994 |
| Madagascar | 8 Jun 1992 | 4 Mar 1996 |
| Malawi | 10 Jun 1992 | 2 Feb 1994 |
| Malaysia | 12 Jun 1992 | 24 Jun 1994 |
| Maldives | 12 Jun 1992 | 9 Nov 1992 |
| Mali | 30 Sep 1992 | 29 Mar 1995 |
| Malta | 12 Jun 1992 | 29 Dec 2000 |
| Marshall Islands | 12 Jun 1992 | 8 Oct 1992 |
| Mauritania | 12 Jun 1992 | 16 Aug 1996 |
| Mauritius | 10 Jun 1992 | 4 Sep 1992 |
| Mexico | 13 Jun 1992 | 11 Mar 1993 |
| Micronesia (Federated States of) | 12 Jun 1992 | 20 Jun 1994 |
| Monaco | 11 Jun 1992 | 20 Nov 1992 |
| Mongolia | 12 Jun 1992 | 30 Sep 1993 |
| Montenegro | - | 23 Oct 2006 d |
| Montenegro 3 | - | 23 Oct 2006 d |
| Morocco | 13 Jun 1992 | 21 Aug 1995 |
| Mozambique | 12 Jun 1992 | 25 Aug 1995 |
| Myanmar | 11 Jun 1992 | 25 Nov 1994 |
| Namibia | 12 Jun 1992 | 16 May 1997 |
| Naoero | 5 Jun 1992 | 11 Nov 1993 |
| Nepal | 12 Jun 1992 | 23 Nov 1993 |
| Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 5 Jun 1992 | 12 Jul 1994 A |
| Netherlands (Kingdom of the) 4 | 5 Jun 1992 | 12 Jul 1994 A |
| New Zealand | 12 Jun 1992 | 16 Sep 1993 |
| Nicaragua | 13 Jun 1992 | 20 Nov 1995 |
| Niger | 11 Jun 1992 | 25 Jul 1995 |
| Nigeria | 13 Jun 1992 | 29 Aug 1994 |
| Niue | - | 28 Feb 1996 a |
| North Macedonia | - | 2 Dec 1997 a |
| Norway | 9 Jun 1992 | 9 Jul 1993 |
| Oman | 10 Jun 1992 | 8 Feb 1995 |
| Pakistan | 5 Jun 1992 | 26 Jul 1994 |
| Palau | - | 6 Jan 1999 a |
| Panama | 13 Jun 1992 | 17 Jan 1995 |
| Papua New Guinea | 13 Jun 1992 | 16 Mar 1993 |
| Paraguay | 12 Jun 1992 | 24 Feb 1994 |
| Peru | 12 Jun 1992 | 7 Jun 1993 |
| Philippines | 12 Jun 1992 | 8 Oct 1993 |
| Poland | 5 Jun 1992 | 18 Jan 1996 |
| Portugal | 13 Jun 1992 | 21 Dec 1993 |
| Portugal 2 | 13 Jun 1992 | 21 Dec 1993 |
| Qatar | 11 Jun 1992 | 21 Aug 1996 |
| Republic of Korea | 13 Jun 1992 | 3 Oct 1994 |
| Republic of Moldova | 5 Jun 1992 | 20 Oct 1995 |
| Romania | 5 Jun 1992 | 17 Aug 1994 |
| Russian Federation | 13 Jun 1992 | 5 Apr 1995 |
| Rwanda | 10 Jun 1992 | 29 May 1996 |
| Samoa | 12 Jun 1992 | 9 Feb 1994 |
| San Marino | 10 Jun 1992 | 28 Oct 1994 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 12 Jun 1992 | 29 Sep 1999 |
| Saudi Arabia | - | 3 Oct 2001 a |
| Senegal | 13 Jun 1992 | 17 Oct 1994 |
| Serbia | 8 Jun 1992 | 1 Mar 2002 |
| Serbia 5 | 8 Jun 1992 | 1 Mar 2002 |
| Seychelles | 10 Jun 1992 | 22 Sep 1992 |
| Sierra Leone | - | 12 Dec 1994 a |
| Singapore | 10 Mar 1993 | 21 Dec 1995 |
| Slovakia | 19 May 1993 | 25 Aug 1994 AA |
| Slovenia | 13 Jun 1992 | 9 Jul 1996 |
| Solomon Islands | 13 Jun 1992 | 3 Oct 1995 |
| Somalia | - | 11 Sep 2009 a |
| South Africa | 4 Jun 1993 | 2 Nov 1995 |
| South Sudan | - | 17 Feb 2014 a |
| Spain | 13 Jun 1992 | 21 Dec 1993 |
| Spain 6 , 7 | 13 Jun 1992 | 21 Dec 1993 |
| Sri Lanka | 10 Jun 1992 | 23 Mar 1994 |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | 12 Jun 1992 | 7 Jan 1993 |
| St. Lucia | - | 28 Jul 1993 a |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | - | 3 Jun 1996 a |
| State of Palestine | - | 2 Jan 2015 a |
| Sudan | 9 Jun 1992 | 30 Oct 1995 |
| Suriname | 13 Jun 1992 | 12 Jan 1996 |
| Sweden | 8 Jun 1992 | 16 Dec 1993 |
| Switzerland | 12 Jun 1992 | 21 Nov 1994 |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 3 May 1993 | 4 Jan 1996 |
| Tajikistan | - | 29 Oct 1997 a |
| Thailand | 12 Jun 1992 | 31 Oct 2003 |
| Timor-Leste | - | 10 Oct 2006 a |
| Togo | 12 Jun 1992 | 4 Oct 1995 A |
| Tonga | - | 19 May 1998 a |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 11 Jun 1992 | 1 Aug 1996 |
| Tunisia | 13 Jun 1992 | 15 Jul 1993 |
| Turkmenistan | - | 18 Sep 1996 a |
| Tuvalu | 8 Jun 1992 | 20 Dec 2002 |
| Türkiye | 11 Jun 1992 | 14 Feb 1997 |
| Uganda | 12 Jun 1992 | 8 Sep 1993 |
| Ukraine | 11 Jun 1992 | 7 Feb 1995 |
| United Arab Emirates | 11 Jun 1992 | 10 Feb 2000 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 12 Jun 1992 | 3 Jun 1994 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 6 | 12 Jun 1992 | 3 Jun 1994 |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 12 Jun 1992 | 8 Mar 1996 |
| United States of America | 4 Jun 1993 | - |
| Uruguay | 9 Jun 1992 | 5 Nov 1993 |
| Uzbekistan | - | 19 Jul 1995 a |
| Vanuatu | 9 Jun 1992 | 25 Mar 1993 |
| Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 12 Jun 1992 | 13 Sep 1994 |
| Viet Nam | 28 May 1993 | 16 Nov 1994 |
| Yemen | 12 Jun 1992 | 21 Feb 1996 |
| Zambia | 11 Jun 1992 | 28 May 1993 |
| Zimbabwe | 12 Jun 1992 | 11 Nov 1994 |
Participants that are UN member states link to their profile. The Holy See, the European Union, the Cook Islands and Niue appear in these tables and are not member states, so they are named without a link rather than attached to the nearest match. The third column carries the depositary’s own annotation. Accession, succession and acceptance are legally distinct from ratification and are shown as the record states them rather than flattened into one word.
Counts verified against the depositary’s own totals for this treaty before publication. The United Nations Treaty Collection is the authority; this page is a readable copy and may lag it.